The intent of this summary report is to engender broad-based policy discussions and recommendations around one question: Why are pupils struggling with English and mathematics in P3 and P6? It focuses on the 2013 NEA results, which may lead Ghana’s education stakeholders towards changes and recommendations in curriculum, materials, other resources, and instructional approaches that could have long-term impacts on pupil performance. For a narrower audience interested in the technical details of the 2013 methodology, sampling, and analysis, a separate, more comprehensive and technical report has been prepared (Ghana National Education Assessment: 2013 Technical Report); this report summarizes much of the content from the technical document.