This report presents the findings of research undertaken in the Kyrgyz Republic, Central Asia. It forms part of a broader study that aims to explore the system and school-level practices that have supported learning continuity in Asia during the pandemic. The study will focus on the practices of policymakers that have supported teaching and learning and consider ways in which school leaders, teachers, and parents have worked to support children during periods of disruption. Rather than comparing the responses of countries in Asia, this study will highlight innovations in the system and school policies and programs in the Kyrgyz Republic and make recommendations based on insights from the Kyrgyz Republic’s education system. The study will focus on the system and school participants that support students in the Kyrgyz Republic but will not include students themselves.

This report presents the research findings undertaken in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. This report forms part of a broader study that explores the system and school-level practices that have supported learning continuity in Asia during the pandemic. The study will focus on the policymaker practices that supported teaching and learning and consider ways school leaders, teachers, and parents have worked to support children during periods of disruption. Rather than comparing the responses of Asia countries, this study will highlight innovations in the system and school policies and programs in the Philippines and make recommendations based on insights from the Philippines’ education system. The study will focus on the school system and participants that support students in the Philippines but will not include students themselves.

This document provides a summary of research exploring the systems, policies, and school-level practices that have supported learning continuity in Asia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a review of policy documents on COVID-19 responses in Asia and a deep dive analysis of system and school-level responses in the Philippines and the Kyrgyz Republic, the findings from this study provide policymakers and education stakeholders with evidence of promising practices that could be leveraged to support learning recovery and education system resilience. In addition, a policy review was conducted on the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), which focused on the practices of policymakers that have the potential to support teaching and learning. The study's intent is not to compare and contrast countries' responses but to highlight innovations in the system and school practices and make recommendations based on insights from system leaders and educators.

Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Pre-school and School Education (MoPSE) has embarked upon an ambitious reform agenda to bring the Uzbek public education system in line with twenty-first century international standards and skills that includes participating for the first time in the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) in 2021 and in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2022. At the onset of UEEP, the teaching culture in many schools in Uzbekistan was still quite teacher-centric, with only a modicum of observable student-centered instructional strategies promoting critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration. Basic reading and mathematics scores were within the international mean, but students struggled with reading comprehension and more complex mathematics. In 2023 UEEP designed and piloted an evidence-based, in-service, continuous TPD (CTPD) cascade approach that sought to improve classroom instruction for Uzbek Language Arts and Mathematics teachers via the effective implementation of TGs and the student-centered strategies therein. The training approach consisted of a three-tiered cascade training model where 80 Tier 1 Master Trainers (MTs) trained and supported 800 Tier 2 trainers, who in turn trained over 8,000 Tier 3 teachers. Training sessions included evidence-based practical instructional techniques such as modeling, role-playing, small group practice, and discussion. The CTPD approach used Methodological Days (MDs) already existing within the Uzbek education system to conduct the monthly sessions rather than one-off, multi-day training events. The Program provided all trainers with facilitator guides, slides, and scripts. The Program implemented the CTPD approach using three concurrent processes of (1) readiness and training, (2) follow-up and quality assurance, and (3) action research. The Program’s ambitious action research agenda determined the degree to which teachers were applying new techniques and whether the cascade CTPD approach was effective. Specifically, the Program designed and implemented a study to assess the effectiveness of the Program’s CTPD cascade approach in terms of teachers’ satisfaction of learning events, their acquisition of knowledge and skills, their shift in self-efficacy, possible changes in teacher beliefs about new teaching approaches, and to what extent teachers received the necessary support at the administrative and school levels. The CTPD effectiveness study used an adapted version of Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model2 as the guiding framework. In this panel, we will share the findings of this study which suggest minimal dilution effect between levels of training, and discuss some of the critical success factors, namely, the monthly dosage of trainings and the quality assurance ‘feedforward’ loop that led to the effectiveness of the cascade approach.

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), together with the Ministry of Preschool and School Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, launched the Uzbekistan Education for Excellence Program. The teacher featured in this success story was one of a group of teachers selected to pilot the new student textbooks and teacher guides introduced by the program. She and her colleagues participated in various professional development workshops on student-centered teaching and adopting new teaching materials. After applying these new approaches, the teacher implemented the strategies she had learned using the new textbooks and teacher guides. She saw a dramatic improvement in her students' engagement and achievement. They were more motivated and interested in the material. Her new teaching style worked for her and her students.

Primary school teachers were offered professional development training through the Uzbekistan Education for Excellence Program, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The Program was designed to equip teachers with innovative teaching strategies and tools that would enable them to create a student-centered learning environment. To improve her teaching skills and help her students succeed, the teacher feactured in this success story, worked hard to attend the training sessions and applied the new teaching techniques in her classroom. She created interactive lesson plans, encouraged student participation, and facilitated collaborative learning. The results were remarkable. Students became more engaged in the learning process, and they developed critical thinking skills. They were able to apply what they learned to real-life situations, and their academic performance improved significantly.

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), together with the Ministry of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, launched the Uzbekistan Education for Excellence Program. One of the objectives of the Program was to create student textbooks, workbooks, and teacher guides on teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) to be used as the main teaching material in local schools of Uzbekistan.The Program involved international experts in the process of creating the books to ensure Uzbek boys and girls have access to the best learning and teaching materials, which will lead to stronger student performance and the long-term success of the Uzbek children. Cambridge University Press laid the foundation for the development of the books, Florida State University experts supported the creation of the student standards, and the local Product Review Group of seven experts from Uzbekistan helped with the cultural customization of these teaching and learning materials to make them appropriate for Uzbek society. In the 2021–2022 academic year the Program piloted the new books in two regions. Local teachers were provided with professional development trainings from foreign and local trainers on how to effectively use these teaching materials, and over 600,000 school students have already enjoyed learning from the new textbooks. Starting in the 2022–2023 academic year, the Ministry of Public Education printed and distributed books for all schools in the Republic of Uzbekistan

This success story highlights a English as a foreign language teacher's experience piloting the new ELF textbooks launched by the Ministry of Public Education, with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID. As a master training, she recognized that some teachers needed time to switch from their unusual approach and adjust their teaching to use the new materials, and she wanted to support them in this process. As part of her preparation to become a master trainer, she met with English as a foreign language experts from the Uzbekistan Education for Excellence Program to discuss each section of the new textbooks, workbooks, and teacher guides and explore all the new supplementary materials available to teachers, including video and audio files, word cards, and a test generator. She found that the new content and the approach to teaching English were drastically different from those she had used in the past. She found the teacher guide easy to follow and noted that the steps included in the guide helped her to implement each lesson.

The theme of CIES asks our society of academics and practitioners to confront the ways in which education is a space of debate and contestation, and how stakeholders both internal and external to education systems seek to effect change (or maintain the status quo). The behavioral science perspective is not new to international education. It has often been presented from different research perspectives, including teacher mental models of teacher beliefs (Saberwal et. al., 2018), and the social aspects of educational change (Fullan, 2015). However, recent interest has shifted focus on the understanding of education systems change using a behavioral science lens (Ajani 2022). This perspective is important as education systems programming is frequently designed without a true understanding of how individuals will respond to change (Jeevan and Hwa, 2022). The presentations present studies which examine teachers, caregivers, and instructional practice and change within an education system. What new insights do we have and how might they influence policy and implementation for education systems change? This deck includes the following presentations and authors: From access to learning to nudging: Why behavioral science might be the next new best thing in education improvement programs (Amber Gove, RTI International), More of this and less of that: How a behavioral science lens suggests alternative approaches to education program design & implementation (Simon King, Creative Associates), Peer-to-Peer Learning: The Power of Social Networks in Adoption of New Pedagogies (Elizabeth Marsden, RTI International), and Supporting Caregivers of Young Children in South Africa to Engage in Play (Carolina Better, Ideas42).

The Numeracy at Scale study was designed to identify and examine aspects of successful numeracy programs, to provide policy makers and development practitioners with evidence-based strategies for improving numeracy instruction and learning outcomes across contexts. To this end, the study team identified and analyzed six programs across five countries that had rigorous evidence of impact on numeracy learning outcomes and which were operating at scale or which showed the potential for scale in an entire region or country. In each country, the study teams carried out a mixed-methods study including quantitative observations and interviews conducted in 80 to 130 schools per country; as well as qualitative observations and interviews in ten schools per country. The Numeracy at Scale study investigated two research questions addressed in this presentation: 1) What classroom ingredients (such as teaching practices and classroom environment) lead to learning in programs that are effective at scale? 2) What methods of training and support lead to teachers adopting effective classroom practices? The programs involved in this study are based in India, Jordan, El Salvador, Madagascar and South Africa. Two of the programs are government-led. The six Numeracy at Scale programs represent a variety of designs, from providing instruction to at-risk girls via interactive software to a national-scale numeracy initiative integrated into all public primary schools. Despite their differences, these programs share a large number of common elements. This presentation will provide an overview of the common pedagogical strategies found across these successful numeracy programs, such as use of multiple representations, discussion about mathematical concepts, and targeted support for students, as well as the approaches these programs used to support the development of these practices among teachers. Drawing from qualitative data, the paper will then discuss details of how these common elements were executed differently under different program models. Both the common, key elements and “differences in the details” that are found across these programs can generate helpful guidelines and ideas for how practitioners and governments can strengthen their own numeracy professional development approaches, across different operating contexts and program designs.